Brain Drain: Causes, Consequences and Recommendations Essay outline
BRAIN DRAIN: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
Outline:
Introduction:
Causes of brain Drain:
- Push Factors:
- Low wages
- Discrimination in recruitments and promotions
- Social unrest
- Political instability
- Conflicts and wars
- Lack of research facilities including support staff; meagerness of research funds; lack of professional apparatus and tools
- Lack of freedom and autonomy
- Deteriorating standard of educational system
- Push Factors:
- Pull Factors:
- Opportunity for upward vertical mobility
- Sophisticated standard of living
- Employment opportunity
- Great income and higher wages
- Healthier working conditions; employment proficient development
- Modern educational schemes
- Political stability
- Meritocracy and transparency
- Appreciation and rewards on government level
Why academic intellectuals leave their country of origin:
- Poor libraries and apparatus for research.
- Political instability and harassment, human right manipulation, wars
- Non-functioning democracy and autocratic governments crush intellectuals.
- Lack of self-determination and social equivalence
- Lack of quality education for children
- Lack of career opportunities.
Why student go Abroad:
- Poor worth of national education from the Montessori level to post graduate level.
- Unavailability of scholarships or financial assistance for the brilliant students.
- Miserable infrastructure of schools colleges and universities for higher studies students
Why students do not return:
- Limited employment opportunities desist students to come back to the homeland.
- Poor living conditions, insufficient earning and job satisfaction in developed countries
- Getting married to a host country’s citizen to get citizenship.
Effects of Brain Drain in Developing countries:
- Negative Effects
- Lack of industrial growth and innovation
- Economic instability leads to increase rate of unemployment and inflation
- Political instability and religious persecution
- Crumbling poor and middle class
- Due to pitiable environment, lack of skilled people
- Universities unable to run and achieve development goals
- Doctors, engineers, scientists and students leave for the industrialized world
- Loses brain which are necessary for trade and industrial development
- Negative Effects
Positive effects:
- Brain Circulation equalizes brain drain
- Transnational corporation and increase in foreign direct investment
- When possibility of migration is real; level of education in sending countries rises.
- Amalgamation in global economy
Recommendation for the developing countries
- Reformation of the national education
- Reformation of the infrastructure of schools, colleges and universities
- Higher budget allocation for the higher education
- Proper use of funds for the education projects
- Sufficient facilities for research projects in universities and establishment of research cells
- Encourage the distant learning and education for all
- Encourage human rights and enforce the regulation
- Maintain law and order situation
- Strengthen anti-corruption agencies to eliminate corruption
- Proper allocation of budget to the science and technology organizations
- Provide essential health services in order to control infectious diseases.
- Facilitate the education system through training, research and education
- State should reduce the rooted conflict to maintain peace
- Democratic government is the best solution for the cancerous problems of brain drain
- Empower judicial system
- Efficient solution of energy crises should be dealt prudently
- Meritocracy and transparency should be promoted
- Efficient management of resources
- Role of government should be the key role to avoid the issue of human capital.
- Reformation of the national education
- Conclusion