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CRIME: Crime is the violation of law for which some governing authority can ultimately prescribe a conviction. While crime is an expression of social maladjustment defined by the law differently under different circumstances; it nevertheless has psychological and biological roots which will be discussed below. Biological Risk factor for involvement in Crime: Genetics:- There is […]
Client Centered Therapy Client Centered Therapy is an insight therapy that emphasis providing supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of therapy. Coral Rogers also called it person centered therapy. Rogers maintained that most personal distress is due to inconsistency or “incongruence” between a person’s self-concept and […]
Existential Therapy: Existential therapy is a form of psychological counseling that is rooted in the ideals and philosophies of “Existentialism”. As existentialism is the philosophy of basic human existence, the existential therapist aim to bring the patient to an individual place of acceptance of the way things are, in particular his or her existence. Existentialism […]
Methods of Measuring Development: Introduction: Development describes the growth of humans throughout the lifespan, from conception to death. The scientific study of human development seeks to understand and explain how and why people change throughout life. This includes all aspects of human growth, including physical, emotional, intellectual, social, perceptual and personality development. Researchers have employed […]
Neurotransmitters: The nervous system relies on chemical couriers “neurotransmitters” to communicate information between neurons. These neurotransmitters are fundamental to behavior, playing a key role in everything from muscle movements to moods and mental health. Acetylcholine (ACH): ACH has been found throughout the nervous system. It is the only transmitter between motor neurons and voluntary muscles. […]
Organization Of The Nervous System The nervous system is divided in two parts: The peripheral nervous system The central nervous system Peripheral Nervous System: “The peripheral nervous system is made up of all those nerves that lie outside the brain and the spinal cord. Nerves are bundles of neuron fibers (axons) that are route together […]
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development: Introduction: “Cognitive Development refers to transition in youngster patterns of thinking including reasoning, remembering and problem solving”. Piaget’s Theory is stage theory of development. Piaget proposed that youngsters progress through four stages of cognitive development which are characterized by different thought processes. Piaget regarded his age norms as approximations and […]
Introduction: Erik Erickson, the famous Psychoanalyst, is credited with developing the theory of psycho-social development which covers the normal development over the entire life span of human beings. Erickson postulated that the development of an individual is the result of his interaction with his social environment. The social environment puts him under specific crisis by […]
Developmental Irregularities during Pre-Natal Period Introduction: Causes of Developmental Irregularities Hereditary Factor Mendelian Inheritance Patterns: Dominant Inheritance of Defects: Recessive Incomplete Sex-linked Chromosomal Abnormalities: Numeric Chromosomal Abnormalities Structural Chromosomal Abnormalities Environmental Factor: Maternal Nutrition: Maternal Drug use: Maternal Illness: Prevention of developmental Irregularities: Developmental Irregularities during Pre-Natal Period Introduction: The pre-natal period of development covers […]
Stages of Growth and Development: Outline Introduction: Difference between Growth and Development: Stages of Growth and Development: Infancy →childhood→ Adolescence→ Adulthood→ old age Principles of Development: Principle of continuity Principle of lack of uniformity. Principle of Individual Differences. Principle of uniformity of Pattern. Principle of Integration Principle of interrelation Principle of Interaction Principle of cephalocaudal […]
Kohlberg Theory of Moral Development: Introduction: Kohlberg’s model is the most influential of a number of competing theories that explained that how youngsters develop their sense of right and wrong. He modified and expanded upon Jean Piaget’s work who theorized that moral development is determined by cognitive development. Kohlberg’s theory is based on moral reasoning […]
ANXIETY DISORDERS: Introduction:- Everyone experience anxiety from time to time. It is a natural; and common reaction to many of life’s difficulties. For some people, however, anxiety becomes a chronic problem. These people experience high level of anxiety with disturbing regularity. Anxiety disorders are class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety. […]